2023 national biofuels policies
Use of biofuels in the EU varies by Member State, depending on how countries choose to meet their targets for renewables in transport and for reduction of greenhouse-gas intensity of fuels under the Fuel Quality Directive. Some Member States set an overall biofuels incorporation target; some set separate targets for biofuels in petrol or diesel or both; others rely solely on targets for the reduction of carbon intensity in fuels.
The chart below includes detailed biofuels obligations for all EU Member States. To download the full table of biofuels obligations in 2023, click here.
| Country | Type | Minimum overall biofuel target (%) | Advanced biofuel target [1] (%) | Biofuel in petrol (%) | Biofuel in diesel (%) | Reduction of GHG intensity of fuels (%) |
|
Austria |
Energy | – | 0.2 | 3.4 | 6.3 | -6 |
|
Belgium |
Energy | 10.2 | 0.11 [2] | 6.5 | 6.5 | – |
|
Bulgaria* |
Volume Energy |
– – |
1 (in diesel) 0.05 |
9 – |
6 – |
– |
|
Croatia |
Energy | – | 0.2 | – | – | -6 |
|
Cyprus |
Energy | – | 0.2 | – | – | -6 |
|
Czechia |
Volume | – | 0.22 | – | – | -6 |
|
Denmark |
Energy | – | – | – | – | -3.4 |
|
Estonia |
Energy | 7.5 [3] | 0.5 | – | – | – |
|
Finland |
Energy | 13.5 [4] | 2 | – | – | – |
|
France |
Energy | – | 1.2 (in petrol) 0.4 (in diesel) |
9.5 | 8.6 | -10 |
|
Germany |
Energy | – | 0.3 | – | – | -8 [5] |
|
Greece |
Volume Energy |
– – |
0.2 – |
– 3.3 |
7 – |
– |
|
Hungary [6] |
Energy | 8.4 | 0.2 | 6.1 (RON 95) | 0.2 (HVO) | – |
|
Ireland [7] |
Volume | 16.985 | 0.3 (in energy) | – | – | -6 |
|
Italy [8] |
Energy | – | 3 | 0.5 | – | -6 |
|
Latvia |
Volume | – | 0.2 | 9.5 (RON 95) | 6.5 [9] | – |
|
Lithuania |
Volume | 7.2 | 0.4 | 6.6 | 6.2 | – |
|
Luxembourg |
Energy | 7.7 [10] | – | – | – | -6 |
|
Malta |
Energy | – | 0.2 | – | – | – |
|
Netherlands[11] |
Energy | 18.9 | 2.4 | – | – | -6 |
|
Poland |
Energy | 8.9 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 5.2 | – |
|
Portugal |
Volume | 11 | 0.5 | – | – | – |
|
Romania |
Volume | – | – | 8 | 6.5 | – |
|
Slovakia |
Volume Energy |
– 8.6 |
– 0.5 (double- counted) |
9 – |
6.9 – |
-6 |
|
Slovenia |
Energy | 10.3 [12] | 0.2 | – | – | -6 |
|
Spain |
Energy | 10.5 [13] | 0.3 | – | – | -6 |
|
Sweden |
– | – | – | – | – |
Petrol -7.8 Diesel -30.5 |
* The Czech Republic suspended biofuels obligations as of July 2022 in connection with the surge of fuels prices.
Latvia suspended biofuels blending obligations from 1 July 2022 to 31 December 2023
* Some Member States excluded biofuels from high–ILUC feedstocks such as: Austria (palm), Denmark (palm
and derivatives, soy), France (palm and derivatives, soy), Sweden (palm)
[1] After double-counting
[2] Double counting at 0.95%
[3] Crop–based biofuels capped at 4.5%
[4] Crop–based biofuels capped at 2.6%
[5] Caps (in e/e): crop–based biofuels at 4.4%; high–ILUC Risk biofuels at 0.9%; Annex IX–B at 1.9%
[6] Annex IX–B biofuels capped at 4% after double–counting
[7] Crop–based biofuels capped at 2%
[8] Italy has a mandate of 300kt/year for HVO
[9] During the period from 1April till 31 October
[10] 9.7% with multipliers. Can be lowered to 6%. Advanced biofuels must be at least 50% of the biofuels mix after double counting. Crop–based capped at 5%
[11] Crop–based biofuels capped at 1.4%. UER cannot be counted towards the target 6% GHG intensity target
[12] Obligation for renewable energy in transport, to be achieved through the use of biofuels, renewable electricity, RCF, RFNBOs
[13] Crop–based capped at 7%. High-ILUC–risk biofuels cap (incl. palm oil, oil palm fresh fruit bunches, PFAD, palm kernel oil and palm kernel shells oil) at 3.1%